{"id":290,"date":"2023-06-22T11:20:42","date_gmt":"2023-06-22T11:20:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/physigeek.com\/tr\/sigorta\/"},"modified":"2023-06-22T11:20:42","modified_gmt":"2023-06-22T11:20:42","slug":"sigorta","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/physigeek.com\/tr\/sigorta\/","title":{"rendered":"Sigorta"},"content":{"rendered":"

Bu makalede sigortalar\u0131n ne oldu\u011fu ve ne i\u00e7in kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klanmaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca bir sigortan\u0131n temel \u00f6zelliklerini ve farkl\u0131 sigorta t\u00fcrlerinin neler oldu\u011funu ke\u015ffedeceksiniz.<\/p>\n

<\/span> Sigorta nedir?<\/span><\/h2>\n

Sigorta,<\/strong> bir elektrik devresinde, ak\u0131m yo\u011funlu\u011fu belirli bir s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 a\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda devreye giren bir g\u00fcvenlik cihaz\u0131d\u0131r. Ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle sigorta, bir elektrik devresinin elemanlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 y\u00fcklere veya k\u0131sa devreye kar\u015f\u0131 korumak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan bir ara\u00e7t\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu nedenle sigortan\u0131n i\u015flevi, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 elektrik y\u00fcklenmesi durumunda devredeki di\u011fer bile\u015fenlerin zarar g\u00f6rmesini \u00f6nlemektir. B\u00f6ylece a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 y\u00fck veya k\u0131sa devre durumunda sigorta at\u0131yor ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla elektrik ak\u0131m\u0131 ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 kesiliyor. Bu \u015fekilde devrenin geri kalan elemanlar\u0131 korunur. <\/p>\n

\"sigorta\"<\/figure>\n

Tipik olarak sigortalar, erime noktas\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olan bir metal veya ala\u015f\u0131mdan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir filamandan yap\u0131l\u0131r ve sigortan\u0131n, elektriksel a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 y\u00fck durumunda eriyen ve ak\u0131m ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 kesen k\u0131sm\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Normalde bir sigortay\u0131 temsil etmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan elektronik sembol, u\u00e7lar\u0131na \u00e7ok yak\u0131n iki dikey \u00e7ubu\u011fu olan bir dikd\u00f6rtgendir, ancak s\u0131kl\u0131kla kullan\u0131lan iki varyasyon daha vard\u0131r. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da farkl\u0131 sigorta sembollerini g\u00f6rebilirsiniz: <\/p>\n

\"sigorta<\/figure>\n

<\/span>Bir sigortan\u0131n \u00f6zellikleri<\/span><\/h2>\n

Art\u0131k sigortan\u0131n tan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 bildi\u011fimize g\u00f6re, sigortan\u0131n d\u00fczg\u00fcn \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in anlaman\u0131z gereken sigorta parametrelerinin neler oldu\u011funa bakal\u0131m.<\/p>\n

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  • Nominal ak\u0131m<\/strong> : Sigortan\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak \u00fczere tasarland\u0131\u011f\u0131 elektrik ak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n yo\u011funlu\u011fu. Bu, devreyi a\u00e7madan sigortadan ge\u00e7ebilecek maksimum ak\u0131md\u0131r.<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Nominal voltaj<\/strong> : \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma voltaj\u0131 olarak da adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r; bu, sigortan\u0131n tasarland\u0131\u011f\u0131 voltajd\u0131r.<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Kesme kapasitesi<\/strong> : Sigortan\u0131n bozulmadan dayanabilece\u011fi maksimum yo\u011funluk. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bu, bir sigortay\u0131 g\u00fcvenli bir \u015fekilde kesebilecek elektrik ak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n maksimum de\u011feridir.<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Erime E\u011frisi<\/strong> : Ak\u0131m g\u00fcc\u00fc ile sigortan\u0131n erime noktas\u0131na kadar \u0131s\u0131nmas\u0131 i\u00e7in ge\u00e7en s\u00fcre aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiyi g\u00f6sterir.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    <\/span> Sigorta t\u00fcrleri<\/span><\/h2>\n

    Farkl\u0131 sigorta t\u00fcrlerini s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmak i\u00e7in pek \u00e7ok kriter vard\u0131r: \u015fekle g\u00f6re, malzemeye g\u00f6re, desteklenen maksimum gerilime g\u00f6re vb. Ancak tekrar kullan\u0131labilen baz\u0131 sigortalar\u0131n oldu\u011funu bilmelisiniz.<\/p>\n

      \n
    • Tek kullan\u0131ml\u0131k sigorta<\/strong> : Bu sigorta t\u00fcr\u00fc tek kullan\u0131ml\u0131kt\u0131r, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc i\u00e7indeki filament kullan\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra erir. Bu nedenle a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 elektrik y\u00fck\u00fc olu\u015ftu\u011funda sigortan\u0131n de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi gerekir.<\/span><\/li>\n
    • S\u0131f\u0131rlanabilir sigorta<\/strong> : S\u0131f\u0131rlanabilir sigorta<\/strong> olarak da adland\u0131r\u0131lan, birden fazla kullan\u0131labilen sigorta t\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr. A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 ak\u0131m oldu\u011funda sigorta \u0131s\u0131narak direncini artt\u0131r\u0131r, b\u00f6ylece ak\u0131m\u0131n ge\u00e7mesini engeller. Daha sonra ak\u0131m yo\u011funlu\u011fu azald\u0131k\u00e7a sigorta so\u011fur ve ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7taki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck diren\u00e7 durumuna geri d\u00f6ner.<\/span><\/li>\n
    • Ak\u0131ll\u0131 Sigorta<\/strong> \u2013 Bu sigorta t\u00fcr\u00fc \u00f6nceki iki sigortan\u0131n bir kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r. Sigortan\u0131n kullan\u0131lmayan k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n tekrar kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan bir sigortad\u0131r.<\/span> <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      <\/span>Sigorta nas\u0131l \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r?<\/span><\/h2>\n

      Sigortan\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131<\/strong> Joule etkisine dayanmaktad\u0131r. Elektrik ak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n \u015fiddeti \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek bir de\u011fere ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck miktarda \u0131s\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kacak ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla sigorta atarak ak\u0131m\u0131n ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 kesecektir.<\/p>\n

      Joule yasas\u0131 (veya Joule etkisi) bize bir iletkenin i\u00e7inden bir elektrik ak\u0131m\u0131 ge\u00e7ti\u011finde termal enerji a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yler. Bunun nedeni, ak\u0131m\u0131n \u00fcretti\u011fi \u0131s\u0131n\u0131n, ak\u0131m yo\u011funlu\u011funun karesiyle do\u011fru orant\u0131l\u0131 olmas\u0131d\u0131r; dolay\u0131s\u0131yla yo\u011funluktaki hafif bir art\u0131\u015f, a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kan \u0131s\u0131da b\u00fcy\u00fck bir art\u0131\u015fa neden olur.<\/p>\n

      Sigortan\u0131n i\u00e7indeki filaman\u0131n erime noktas\u0131 genellikle elektrik devresindeki di\u011fer elemanlardan daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck oldu\u011fundan, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 ak\u0131m olu\u015ftu\u011funda eriyen ilk eleman o olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

      Sigortan\u0131n d\u00fczg\u00fcn \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in cihaz\u0131n devrenin en zay\u0131f noktas\u0131na yani ak\u0131m yo\u011funlu\u011funun genel olarak daha y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu yere yerle\u015ftirilmesi \u00f6nemlidir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc sigortan\u0131n bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir yerde a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 y\u00fcklenme meydana gelirse cihaz kullan\u0131lamaz hale gelecektir. <\/p>\n

      \"kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f<\/figure>\n

      <\/span> termal f\u00fczyon<\/span><\/h2>\n

      Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmde, geleneksel sigortan\u0131n bir \u00e7e\u015fidi oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in termal sigortan\u0131n nelerden olu\u015ftu\u011funu g\u00f6rece\u011fiz.<\/p>\n

      Termik sigorta,<\/strong> a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 \u0131s\u0131nma durumunda devre elemanlar\u0131n\u0131 koruyan bir sigorta t\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr. Bu nedenle devrenin s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirli bir s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 a\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda termik sigorta atar ve elektri\u011fi iletmez.<\/p>\n

      B\u00f6ylece termik sigorta klasik sigortaya benzer ancak elektrik devresini g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir s\u0131cakl\u0131k art\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan korur, di\u011fer taraftan klasik sigorta devreyi elektrik ak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n yo\u011funlu\u011funun artmas\u0131ndan korur.<\/p>\n

      Bu t\u00fcr sigortalar, yaln\u0131zca elektrik ak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n ge\u00e7mesi nedeniyle (Joule etkisi) de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda g\u00fcne\u015fe maruz kalma veya motora yak\u0131nl\u0131k gibi di\u011fer fakt\u00f6rlerden dolay\u0131 da \u0131s\u0131nabilen elektrik devrelerinin kurulumunda \u00e7ok kullan\u0131\u015fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

      <\/span> Sigorta nas\u0131l de\u011fi\u015ftirilir<\/span><\/h2>\n

      Son olarak, ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131z olmas\u0131 durumunda sigortay\u0131 nas\u0131l de\u011fi\u015ftirece\u011finizi g\u00f6steren bir video b\u0131rak\u0131yoruz. <\/p>\n