Bu makalede mutlak s\u0131f\u0131r s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ne oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131klanmaktad\u0131r. Ek olarak, mutlak s\u0131f\u0131r\u0131n tarih\u00e7esinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra farkl\u0131 termometrik \u00f6l\u00e7eklerde mutlak s\u0131f\u0131r de\u011ferinin ne oldu\u011funu da \u00f6\u011freneceksiniz. <\/p>\n
Mutlak s\u0131f\u0131r<\/strong> ula\u015f\u0131labilecek en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131k de\u011feridir. Mutlak s\u0131f\u0131r, Kelvin termometrik \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011finin ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 noktas\u0131d\u0131r; benzer \u015fekilde mutlak s\u0131f\u0131r, -273,15\u00b0C veya -459,67\u00b0F’ye e\u015fittir.<\/p>\n Bir cismin s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n hareketinden kaynaklan\u0131r; yani bir cismin s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ne kadar y\u00fcksek olursa par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131 da o kadar fazla titre\u015fir. Bu nedenle teorik olarak mutlak s\u0131f\u0131r s\u0131cakl\u0131kta par\u00e7ac\u0131klar hareket etmez. Ancak kuantum mekani\u011fi ilkelerine g\u00f6re mutlak s\u0131f\u0131rda art\u0131k enerjinin olmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n Bu anlamda termodinami\u011fin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc yasas\u0131na g\u00f6re termodinami\u011fin mutlak s\u0131f\u0131r\u0131na ula\u015fmak imkans\u0131zd\u0131r. Asl\u0131nda ula\u015f\u0131lan minimum s\u0131cakl\u0131k mutlak s\u0131f\u0131r\u0131n 38 pK (0,000000000038 K) \u00fczerindedir; mutlak s\u0131f\u0131r s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131na hen\u00fcz ula\u015f\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n Farkl\u0131 termometrik \u00f6l\u00e7eklerde mutlak s\u0131f\u0131r s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n de\u011feri<\/strong> \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n Bu nedenle Kelvin ve Rankine s\u0131cakl\u0131k \u00f6l\u00e7ekleri mutlakt\u0131r \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc s\u0131f\u0131r s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 mutlak s\u0131f\u0131rda al\u0131rlar. Celsius ve Fahrenheit skalalar\u0131 g\u00f6receli olsa da s\u0131f\u0131r s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131 ba\u015fka bir de\u011fer oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in bu skalalarda negatif s\u0131cakl\u0131klar mevcuttur. <\/p>\n Mutlak s\u0131f\u0131r s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131m\u0131 dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmde mutlak s\u0131f\u0131ra \u00e7ok yak\u0131n kaydedilen termometrik de\u011ferleri g\u00f6rece\u011fiz. S\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n yoklu\u011funun hen\u00fcz sa\u011flanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 unutmay\u0131n.<\/p>\n G\u00fcne\u015f sisteminde s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n -240 \u00baC’ye yak\u0131n oldu\u011fu alanlar\u0131n oldu\u011fu bilinmektedir. \u00d6rne\u011fin Ay’\u0131n g\u00fcney kutbundaki kraterlerde.<\/p>\n Ayr\u0131ca evrenin ortalama s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 -270,42\u00b0C civar\u0131ndad\u0131r; bu de\u011fer mutlak s\u0131f\u0131ra \u00e7ok yak\u0131nd\u0131r ancak hala -273,15\u00b0C’ye ula\u015fmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n Son olarak \u015fimdiye kadar kaydedilen en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131k rekoru 2021 y\u0131l\u0131nda 38 pK (0,000000000038 K) s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011fa ula\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ula\u015f\u0131ld\u0131. Mant\u0131ksal olarak bu s\u0131cakl\u0131k do\u011fal de\u011fildi, bilimsel bir deneyle yapay olarak elde edildi. <\/p>\n Bu son b\u00f6l\u00fcmde mutlak s\u0131f\u0131r kavram\u0131n\u0131n k\u00f6kenini g\u00f6rece\u011fiz \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc g\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden daha eskidir.<\/p>\n Zaten antik Yunanistan’da mutlak s\u0131f\u0131r s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 dikkate al\u0131nmaya ba\u015fland\u0131. Elea’l\u0131 Parmenides (M.\u00d6. 570-M.\u00d6. 475), bu s\u0131cakl\u0131kta elementel bir maddenin bulundu\u011funa inan\u0131yordu. Daha sonra Chaeronea’l\u0131 Plutarch (46-120), bu teorik maddeye Primum Frigidum<\/em> ad\u0131n\u0131 verdi.<\/p>\n 1665 y\u0131l\u0131nda Robert Boyle, so\u011fu\u011fun par\u00e7ac\u0131k hareketinin yoklu\u011fu oldu\u011fu sonucuna vard\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir yay\u0131n ( Mutlak S\u0131f\u0131r \u00dczerine Yeni Deneyler ve G\u00f6zlemler<\/em> ) yay\u0131nlad\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca so\u011fu\u011fun pozitif bir miktar olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, sadece \u0131s\u0131 eksikli\u011finden kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da tespit etti. . Ayr\u0131ca Boyle, bilim adamlar\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fas\u0131n\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmadan \u00f6nce Primum Frigidum<\/em> maddesinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeleri gerekti\u011fini savundu.<\/p>\n 17. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda Guillaume Amontons (1663-1705), hava termometresi kullanarak s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclmesiyle ilgili \u00e7e\u015fitli deneyler ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi. Frans\u0131z, geni\u015f bir s\u0131cakl\u0131k aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda s\u0131cakl\u0131ktaki azalman\u0131n atmosfer bas\u0131nc\u0131ndaki azalmayla orant\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011funu g\u00f6zlemledi. Bu nedenle atmosfer bas\u0131nc\u0131 s\u0131f\u0131r oldu\u011funda mutlak s\u0131f\u0131r\u0131n olu\u015faca\u011f\u0131 sonucuna vard\u0131. Amontons’un sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n ekstrapolasyonu mutlak s\u0131f\u0131r\u0131n -240\u00b0C’de olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterdi.<\/p>\n Amontons’un kurdu\u011fu temelleri temel alan Johan Heinrich Lambert (1728-1777), deneylerini daha dikkatli ve daha iyi aletler kullanarak tekrarlad\u0131. B\u00f6ylece mutlak s\u0131f\u0131r\u0131n -270\u00b0C’de oldu\u011funu belirledi; bu, \u00f6ncekine g\u00f6re \u00e7ok daha iyi bir yakla\u015f\u0131md\u0131. \u00d6te yandan mutlak s\u0131f\u0131ra mutlak so\u011fuk<\/em> denmesi gerekti\u011fini s\u00f6yledi.<\/p>\n Son olarak Lord Kelvin olarak da bilinen William Thomson (1824-1907), mutlak s\u0131f\u0131r\u0131n anlam\u0131na farkl\u0131 bir a\u00e7\u0131dan yakla\u015ft\u0131. 1848’de yaln\u0131zca termodinami\u011fin temel prensiplerine dayanan ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla herhangi bir maddenin termal \u00f6zelliklerinden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olan Kelvin termometrik \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fini yaratt\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca \u0131s\u0131 motorunun verimlili\u011fi \u00fczerine yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmada Carnot’un elde etti\u011fi sonu\u00e7lardan yararlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu belirleme s\u0131cakl\u0131k \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011finde mutlak s\u0131f\u0131r\u0131 -273,15\u00b0C’ye yerle\u015ftirdi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Bu makalede mutlak s\u0131f\u0131r s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ne oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131klanmaktad\u0131r. Ek olarak, mutlak s\u0131f\u0131r\u0131n tarih\u00e7esinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra farkl\u0131 termometrik \u00f6l\u00e7eklerde mutlak s\u0131f\u0131r de\u011ferinin ne oldu\u011funu da \u00f6\u011freneceksiniz. Mutlak s\u0131f\u0131r nedir? Mutlak s\u0131f\u0131r ula\u015f\u0131labilecek en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131k de\u011feridir. Mutlak s\u0131f\u0131r, Kelvin termometrik \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011finin ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 noktas\u0131d\u0131r; benzer \u015fekilde mutlak s\u0131f\u0131r, -273,15\u00b0C veya -459,67\u00b0F’ye e\u015fittir. Bir cismin s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n hareketinden …<\/p>\n<\/span> Mutlak s\u0131f\u0131r de\u011feri<\/span><\/h2>\n
\n\n
\n \n s\u0131cakl\u0131k \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fi<\/th>\n Mutlak s\u0131f\u0131r de\u011feri<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n \n Santigrat derece<\/td>\n -273,15\u00b0C<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Kelvin<\/td>\n 0K<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Derece Fahrenheit<\/td>\n -459.67\u00b0F<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Rankine Diplomalar\u0131<\/td>\n 0\u00b0R<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n <\/span> Mutlak s\u0131f\u0131ra yak\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131klar<\/span><\/h2>\n
<\/span> Mutlak s\u0131f\u0131r\u0131n tarihi<\/span><\/h2>\n