{"id":449,"date":"2023-06-17T14:27:00","date_gmt":"2023-06-17T14:27:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/physigeek.com\/pt\/lei-de-snell\/"},"modified":"2023-06-17T14:27:00","modified_gmt":"2023-06-17T14:27:00","slug":"lei-de-snell","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/physigeek.com\/pt\/lei-de-snell\/","title":{"rendered":"Lei de snell"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Neste artigo voc\u00ea encontrar\u00e1 a explica\u00e7\u00e3o da lei de Snell. Voc\u00ea poder\u00e1 ver o que diz a lei de Snell, qual \u00e9 sua f\u00f3rmula e, al\u00e9m disso, todos os conceitos f\u00edsicos relacionados \u00e0 lei de Snell s\u00e3o explicados para entend\u00ea-la bem. <\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%C2%BFQue-es-la-ley-de-Snell\"><\/span> O que \u00e9 a Lei de Snell?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p> <strong>A lei de Snell<\/strong> \u00e9 uma lei f\u00edsica que relaciona o \u00edndice de refra\u00e7\u00e3o de dois meios diferentes ao \u00e2ngulo de incid\u00eancia e ao \u00e2ngulo de refra\u00e7\u00e3o. Assim, a lei de Snell \u00e9 usada para calcular o \u00e2ngulo de refra\u00e7\u00e3o da luz quando ela passa por uma superf\u00edcie que separa dois meios de \u00edndices de refra\u00e7\u00e3o diferentes.<\/p>\n<p> Mais precisamente, a lei de Snell diz que o \u00edndice de refra\u00e7\u00e3o do meio incidente multiplicado pelo seno do \u00e2ngulo de incid\u00eancia \u00e9 equivalente ao \u00edndice de refra\u00e7\u00e3o do meio de refra\u00e7\u00e3o multiplicado pelo seno do \u00e2ngulo de refra\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n<p> A lei de Snell recebeu o nome do f\u00edsico holand\u00eas Willebrord Snel van Royen, que descobriu a f\u00f3rmula da lei de Snell.<\/p>\n<p> Notavelmente, a lei de Snell tamb\u00e9m \u00e9 chamada <strong>de lei Snell-Descartes<\/strong> . <\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Formula-de-la-ley-de-Snell\"><\/span> F\u00f3rmula da Lei de Snell<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p> A lei de Snell afirma que o seno do \u00e2ngulo de incid\u00eancia de um raio de luz em um meio (\u03b8 <sub>1<\/sub> ) multiplicado por seu \u00edndice de refra\u00e7\u00e3o (n <sub>1<\/sub> ) \u00e9 igual ao seno do \u00e2ngulo de refra\u00e7\u00e3o do meio que refrata o raio de luz ( \u03b8 <sub>2<\/sub> ) pelo seu \u00edndice de refra\u00e7\u00e3o (n <sub>2<\/sub> ).<\/p>\n<p> Portanto, <strong>a f\u00f3rmula para a lei de Snell \u00e9 n <sub>1<\/sub> \u00b7 sin(\u03b8 <sub>1<\/sub> )=n <sub>2<\/sub> \u00b7 sin (\u03b8 <sub>2<\/sub> ).<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/physigeek.com\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-8a1f4d5f2f8822bea42090853efba478_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"n_1\\cdot \\text{sin}(\\theta_1)=n_2\\cdot \\text{sin}(\\theta_2)\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"19\" width=\"188\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom:5px\"> Ouro: <\/p>\n<ul style=\"color:#4fd12f; font-weight: bold;\">\n<li style=\"margin-bottom:5px\"><span style=\"color:#101010;font-weight: normal;\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/physigeek.com\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-cebc0a013985f2695aeb53ded9e7afb1_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"n_1\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"11\" width=\"17\" style=\"vertical-align: -3px;\"><\/p>\n<p> \u00e9 o \u00edndice de refra\u00e7\u00e3o do meio no qual a luz incide. <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom:5px\"><span style=\"color:#101010;font-weight: normal;\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/physigeek.com\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-7919ba3460fc884772bb5c3cc9ad1a8d_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\theta_1\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"15\" width=\"14\" style=\"vertical-align: -3px;\"><\/p>\n<p> \u00e9 o \u00e2ngulo formado pelo raio de luz com a normal do meio sobre o qual a luz incide. <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom:5px\"><span style=\"color:#101010;font-weight: normal;\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/physigeek.com\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-bf1e42c248eee22a0911c24c95fe28f0_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"n_2\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"11\" width=\"18\" style=\"vertical-align: -3px;\"><\/p>\n<p> \u00e9 o \u00edndice de refra\u00e7\u00e3o do meio no qual a luz \u00e9 refratada. <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom:5px\"><span style=\"color:#101010;font-weight: normal;\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/physigeek.com\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-462ac736d8fb9984136e11039f9a0da4_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\theta_2\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"15\" width=\"15\" style=\"vertical-align: -3px;\"><\/p>\n<p> \u00e9 o \u00e2ngulo que o raio de luz faz com a normal do meio em que a luz \u00e9 refratada. <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/physigeek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/loi-de-snell.png\" alt=\"Lei de Snell\" class=\"wp-image-9140\" width=\"314\" height=\"430\" srcset=\"https:\/\/physigeek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/loi-de-snell-219x300.png 219w, https:\/\/physigeek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/loi-de-snell.png 733w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 219px) 100vw, 219px\"><\/figure>\n<p> Da mesma forma, da equa\u00e7\u00e3o anterior, podemos deduzir que os \u00edndices de refra\u00e7\u00e3o de dois meios est\u00e3o ligados \u00e0 velocidade dos raios de luz no meio e aos seus comprimentos de onda. Mais precisamente, a seguinte equa\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 verdadeira:<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/physigeek.com\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-0bbab4800e10d67dea5a8b40c3b86cf7_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\cfrac{\\text{sin}(\\theta_1)}{\\text{sin}(\\theta_2)}=\\cfrac{n_2}{n_1}=\\cfrac{v_1}{v_2}=\\cfrac{\\ lambda_1}{\\lambda_2}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"45\" width=\"234\" style=\"vertical-align: -17px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom:5px\"> Ouro: <\/p>\n<ul style=\"color:#4fd12f; font-weight: bold;\">\n<li style=\"margin-bottom:5px\"><span style=\"color:#101010;font-weight: normal;\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/physigeek.com\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-4ab63afa2b487b4402027ad7d97fbb5f_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\theta_i\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"15\" width=\"13\" style=\"vertical-align: -3px;\"><\/p>\n<p> \u00e9 o \u00e2ngulo que o raio de luz faz com a normal do meio i. <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom:5px\"><span style=\"color:#101010;font-weight: normal;\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/physigeek.com\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-5f087375b50e0b49186779714206626b_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"n_i\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"11\" width=\"16\" style=\"vertical-align: -3px;\"><\/p>\n<p> \u00e9 o \u00edndice de refra\u00e7\u00e3o do meio i. <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom:5px\"><span style=\"color:#101010;font-weight: normal;\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/physigeek.com\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-c9928f5e418ac3466349509fd03bdead_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"v_i\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"11\" width=\"14\" style=\"vertical-align: -3px;\"><\/p>\n<p> \u00e9 a velocidade do raio de luz no meio i. <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom:5px\"><span style=\"color:#101010;font-weight: normal;\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/physigeek.com\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-efc6f07e9379ba3e0f5662855a7e39c4_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\lambda_i\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"15\" width=\"15\" style=\"vertical-align: -3px;\"><\/p>\n<p> \u00e9 o comprimento de onda do raio de luz no meio i. <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Indice-de-refraccion\"><\/span> \u00cdndice de refra\u00e7\u00e3o<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p> Logicamente, para aplicar a lei de Snell \u00e9 preciso ter clareza sobre o conceito de \u00edndice de refra\u00e7\u00e3o, ent\u00e3o a seguir veremos em que consiste esse coeficiente f\u00edsico.<\/p>\n<p> O <strong>\u00edndice de refra\u00e7\u00e3o<\/strong> de um meio \u00e9 um valor que indica o quanto a velocidade e o comprimento de onda da radia\u00e7\u00e3o s\u00e3o reduzidos em rela\u00e7\u00e3o ao v\u00e1cuo quando ela entra no meio. Assim, quanto maior o \u00edndice de refra\u00e7\u00e3o, isso significa que mais a velocidade e o comprimento de onda da radia\u00e7\u00e3o no meio estudado s\u00e3o reduzidos.<\/p>\n<p> A f\u00f3rmula para o \u00edndice de refra\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9:<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/physigeek.com\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-3272ab4bb86af78aa312738841e2663f_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"n=\\cfrac{c}{v}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"34\" width=\"46\" style=\"vertical-align: -12px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom:5px\"> Ouro: <\/p>\n<ul style=\"color:#4fd12f; font-weight: bold;\">\n<li style=\"margin-bottom:5px\"><span style=\"color:#101010;font-weight: normal;\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/physigeek.com\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-ec4217f4fa5fcd92a9edceba0e708cf7_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"n\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"8\" width=\"11\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<p> \u00e9 o \u00edndice de refra\u00e7\u00e3o do meio. <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom:5px\"><span style=\"color:#101010;font-weight: normal;\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/physigeek.com\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-276a76eafbebc4494deafceec7cc4ddd_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"c\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"8\" width=\"8\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<p> \u00e9 a velocidade da luz no v\u00e1cuo (3\u00b710 <sup>8<\/sup> m\/s). <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom:5px\"><span style=\"color:#101010;font-weight: normal;\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/physigeek.com\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-796872219106704832bd95ce08640b7b_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"v\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"8\" width=\"9\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<p> \u00e9 a velocidade da luz no meio em que o \u00edndice de refra\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 calculado.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> O \u00edndice de refra\u00e7\u00e3o de um meio depende das propriedades do meio. Voc\u00ea pode ver os valores dos \u00edndices de refra\u00e7\u00e3o dos meios mais comuns em f\u00edsica clicando aqui: <\/p>\n<div style=\"background-color:#FFFDE7; padding-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-right: 10px; padding-left: 20px; border: 2.5px dashed #FFB74D; border-radius:20px;\"> <span style=\"color:#ff951b\">\u27a4<\/span> <strong>Veja:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/physigeek.com\/pt\/indice-de-refracao\/\">\u00cdndice de refra\u00e7\u00e3o<\/a><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Reflexion-interna-total\"><\/span>Reflex\u00e3o interna total<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p> Em f\u00edsica, o <strong>\u00e2ngulo cr\u00edtico (ou \u00e2ngulo limite)<\/strong> \u00e9 o \u00e2ngulo obtido calculando o inverso do seno do quociente entre o \u00edndice de refra\u00e7\u00e3o do meio em que o raio de luz incide e o \u00edndice de refra\u00e7\u00e3o do meio em que \u00e9 refratado . .o raio de luz <\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/physigeek.com\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-d578646ea492b5cd851e7eba3578044f_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\text{sin}(\\theta_c)=\\cfrac{n_2}{n_1}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"37\" width=\"95\" style=\"vertical-align: -15px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/physigeek.com\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-61c0e88486e5cad80d5109d1f67c31e1_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle \\theta_c=\\text{arcsen}\\left(\\frac{n_2}{n_1}\\right)\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"43\" width=\"135\" style=\"vertical-align: -17px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom:5px\"> Ouro: <\/p>\n<ul style=\"color:#4fd12f; font-weight: bold;\">\n<li style=\"margin-bottom:5px\"><span style=\"color:#101010;font-weight: normal;\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/physigeek.com\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-ec1ef70052f126c1e3f54bfcb4e7ac25_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\theta_c\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"15\" width=\"14\" style=\"vertical-align: -3px;\"><\/p>\n<p> \u00e9 o \u00e2ngulo cr\u00edtico. <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom:5px\"><span style=\"color:#101010;font-weight: normal;\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/physigeek.com\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-cebc0a013985f2695aeb53ded9e7afb1_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"n_1\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"11\" width=\"17\" style=\"vertical-align: -3px;\"><\/p>\n<p> \u00e9 o \u00edndice de refra\u00e7\u00e3o do meio no qual a luz incide. <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom:5px\"><span style=\"color:#101010;font-weight: normal;\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/physigeek.com\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-bf1e42c248eee22a0911c24c95fe28f0_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"n_2\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"11\" width=\"18\" style=\"vertical-align: -3px;\"><\/p>\n<p> \u00e9 o \u00edndice de refra\u00e7\u00e3o do meio no qual a luz \u00e9 refratada.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> Assim, quando o \u00e2ngulo de incid\u00eancia \u03b8 <sub>1<\/sub> \u00e9 maior que o \u00e2ngulo cr\u00edtico, o raio de luz \u00e9 inteiramente refletido no meio sobre o qual incide. Ou seja, se o \u00e2ngulo de incid\u00eancia \u03b8 <sub>1<\/sub> for maior que o \u00e2ngulo cr\u00edtico, a luz n\u00e3o \u00e9 refratada, mas refletida e, portanto, ao inv\u00e9s de passar para o outro meio, permanece no interior do mesmo ambiente. <\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/physigeek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/reflexion-interne-totale.png\" alt=\"reflex\u00e3o interna total\" class=\"wp-image-9154\" width=\"515\" height=\"314\" srcset=\"https:\/\/physigeek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/reflexion-interne-totale-300x184.png 300w, https:\/\/physigeek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/reflexion-interne-totale-768x472.png 768w, https:\/\/physigeek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/reflexion-interne-totale.png 807w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\"><\/figure>\n<p> Esse fen\u00f4meno f\u00edsico \u00e9 chamado de <strong>reflex\u00e3o interna total<\/strong> e ocorre quando o \u00e2ngulo de incid\u00eancia do raio de luz \u00e9 maior que o \u00e2ngulo cr\u00edtico, que voc\u00ea pode calcular com a f\u00f3rmula vista acima.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Neste artigo voc\u00ea encontrar\u00e1 a explica\u00e7\u00e3o da lei de Snell. Voc\u00ea poder\u00e1 ver o que diz a lei de Snell, qual \u00e9 sua f\u00f3rmula e, al\u00e9m disso, todos os conceitos f\u00edsicos relacionados \u00e0 lei de Snell s\u00e3o explicados para entend\u00ea-la bem. O que \u00e9 a Lei de Snell? A lei de Snell \u00e9 uma lei &hellip;<\/p>\n<p class=\"read-more\"> <a class=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/physigeek.com\/pt\/lei-de-snell\/\"> <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Lei de snell<\/span> Leia mais &raquo;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-449","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-optico"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is 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